Eleven new sesquiterpenoids from peeled stems of Syringa pinnatifolia / 中国中药杂志

The peeled stems of Syringa pinnatifolia(SP) is a representative Mongolian folk medicine with the effects of anti-depression, heat clearance, pain relief, and respiration improvement. It has been clinically used for the treatment of coronary heart disease, insomnia, asthma, and other cardiopulmonary diseases. As part of the systematic study on pharmacological substances of SP, 11 new sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the terpene-containing fractions of the ethanol extract of SP by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(~1H-NMR) guided isolation methods. The planar structures of the sesquiterpenoids were identified by MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR data analysis, and were named pinnatanoids C and D(1 and 2), and alashanoids T-ZI(3-11), respectively. The structure types of the sesquiterpenoids included pinnatane, humulane, seco-humulane, guaiane, carryophyllane, seco-erimolphane, isodaucane, and other types. However, limited to the low content of compounds, the existence of multiple chiral centers, the flexibility of the structure, or lack of ultraviolet absorption, the stereoscopic configuration remained unresolved. The discovery of various sesquiterpenoids enriches the understanding of the chemical composition of the genus and species and provides references for further analysis of pharmacological substances of SP.

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder carcinoma / 临床肝胆病杂志

Gallbladder carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the biliary system characterized by poor specificity of early symptoms， a high degree of malignancy， and rapid progression， and it is difficult to make an early diagnosis. Gallstones and gallbladder polyps are considered the most common risk factors for gallbladder carcinoma. Ultrasound is the preferred examination， while CT， MRI， and PET also have their own advantages. There is a lack of radical treatment methods for gallbladder carcinoma， and surgical operation remains the preferred treatment method for gallbladder carcinoma； however， due to the rapid progression of this disease， most patients have lost the opportunity for surgery at the time of diagnosis. A combination of various treatment modalities， such as radiochemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy， has improved the prognosis of patients to a certain extent， but with an unsatisfactory long-term therapeutic effect. Therefore， it is of particular importance to give priority to prevention rather than treatment and emphasize early identification and treatment.

Effect of Modified Shengmaiyin on Children with Acute Lymphocyte Leukemia of Deficiency of Both Qi and Blood / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the regulatory effect of modified Shengmaiyin adjuvant chemotherapy on the nutritional status and immune function of children with acute lymphocyte （ALL）. Method:One hundred children with ALL chemotherapy were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Both groups were given VDLD regimen as the induction therapy and CAM regimen as the early therapy. Control group was given Shengmaiyin orally， 10 mL/time， 3 times/day. Observation group was given modified Shengmaiyin orally， 1 does/day. The course of treatment for both groups was 3 months. Micro-nutrition assessment （MNA） was carried out before and after treatment， and serum total protein （TB）， albumin （ALB）， prealbumin （PAB）， T cell CD4⁺， CD8⁺， immunoglobulin G （IgG）， IgM， IgA levels were detected before and after treatment. The ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ was calculated. The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome before and after treatment and the piper fatigue scale （PFS-R） and universal core scale of children's quality of life （PedsQL） were scored. The changes of white blood cells （WBC）， red blood cells （RBC）， hemoglobin （Hb） and platelets （PLT） were evaluated before and after treatment. Result:The nutritional status of the observation group was better than that of the control group after treatment （<italic>Z</italic>=2.018， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. The observed fatigue was lighter than that of the control group （<italic>Z</italic>=2.029， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. The MNA score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The scores of PFS-R and deficiency of both Qi and blood were lower than those of the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The CD4⁺levels and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ levels of TB， ALB and PAB in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the CD8⁺ was lower than the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The IgM and IgA levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The RBC， Hb and PLT levels of the observation group were higher than those of the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Modified Shengmaiyin can be used as adjuvant therapy for children with ALL chemotherapy by improving nutritional status， immune function and immune balance， reducing clinical symptoms， promoting the recovery of hematopoietic system and improving the quality of life.

Early therapeutic interventions of traditional Chinese medicine in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the early interventions of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on the conversion time of nucleic acid in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and find possible underlying mechanisms of action.@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 300 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were treated with TCM, at a designated hospital in China. The patients were categorized into three groups: TCM1, TCM2 and TCM3, who respectively received TCM interventions within 7, 8-14, and greater than 15 days of hospitalization. Different indicators such as the conversion time of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid, the conversion time of fecal nucleic acid, length of hospital stay, and inflammatory markers (leukocyte count, and lymphocyte count and percentage) were analyzed to observe the impact of early TCM interventions on these groups.@*RESULTS@#The median conversion times of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid in the three groups were 5.5, 7 and 16 d (P < 0.001), with TCM1 and TCM2 being statistically different from TCM3 (P < 0.01). TCM1 (P < 0.05) and TCM3 (P < 0.01) were statistically different from TCM2. The median conversion times of fecal nucleic acid in the three groups were 7, 9 and 17 d (P < 0.001). Conversion times of fecal nucleic acid in TCM1 were statistically different from TCM3 and TCM2 (P < 0.01). The median lengths of hospital stay in the three groups were 13, 16 and 21 d (P < 0.001). TCM1 and TCM2 were statistically different from TCM3 (P < 0.01); TCM1 and TCM3 were statistically different from TCM2 (P < 0.01). Both leucocyte and lymphocyte counts increased gradually with an increase in the length of hospital stay in TCM1 group patients, with a statistically significant difference observed at each time point in the group (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences in lymphocyte count and percentage in TCM2 (P < 0.001), and in leucocyte count (P = 0.043) and lymphocyte count (P = 0.038) in TCM3 were observed. The comparison among the three groups showed a statistically significant difference in lymphocyte percentage on the third day of admission (P = 0.044).@*CONCLUSION@#In this study, it was observed that in COVID-19 patients treated with a combination of Chinese and Western medicines, TCM intervention earlier in the hospital stay correlated with faster conversion time of pharyngeal swab and fecal nucleic acid, as well as shorter length of hospital stay, thus helping promote faster recovery of the patient. The underlying mechanism of action may be related to improving inflammation in patients with COVID-19.

Effects of Tanreqing Capsule on the negative conversion time of nucleic acid in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the treatment of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Tanreqing Capsule (TRQC) was used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of TRQC in the treatment of COVID-19.@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 82 patients who had laboratory-confirmed mild and moderate COVID-19; patients were treated with TRQC in one designated hospital. The treatment and control groups consisted of 25 and 57 cases, respectively. The treatment group was given TRQC orally three times a day, three pills each time, in addition to conventional Western medicine treatments which were also administered to the control group. The clinical efficacy indicators, such as the negative conversion time of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid, the negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid, the duration of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid, and the improvement in the level of immune indicators such as T-cell subsets (CD3, CD4 and CD45) were monitored.@*RESULTS@#COVID-19 patients in the treatment group, compared to the control group, had a shorter negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid (4 vs. 9 days, P = 0.047) and a shorter interval of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid (0 vs. 2 days, P = 0.042). The level of CD3@*CONCLUSION@#Significant reductions in the negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid and the duration of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid were identified in the treatment group as compared to the control group, illustrating the potential therapeutic benefits of using TRQC as a complement to conventional medicine in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19. The underlying mechanism may be related to the improved levels of the immune indicator CD3

Effect and Safety of Cinnamaldehyde on Immunosuppressed Mice with Invasive Pulmonary Candidiasis / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect and safety of cinnamaldehyde on immunosuppressed mice with invasive pulmonary candidiasis.@*METHODS@#An immunosuppressed BALB/c mouse model was established by intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) once daily for 2 days. The immunosuppressed mouse with invasive pulmonary candidiasis model was further established by nasal perfusion of Candida albicans suspension. In the cinnamaldehyde treatment group, immunosuppressed mice with invasive pulmonary candidiasis were orally given cinnamaldehyde 240 mg/(kg·d) for 14 consecutive days. Fluconazole and 0.9% saline were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. The mice in the cinnamaldehyde safety evaluation group were orally administered cinnamaldehyde 480 mg/(kg·d) for 42 days to observe the safety of the drug. Microscopic identification, fungal culture, histopathological examination, and (1,3)-beta-D-glucans detection were conducted to analyze the effect of cinnamaldehyde on C. albicans.@*RESULTS@#The fungal clearance rate in the cinnamaldehyde treatment group was higher than that in the fluconazole control group (80.00% vs. 56.67%, P<0.05). The level of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in the cinnamaldehyde treatment group was lower than that in the fluconazole positive control group (1160.62 ±89.65 pg/mL vs. 4285.87 ± 215.62 pg/mL, P<0.05). The survival rate of mice in the cinnamaldehyde safety evaluation group was 100%, and no significant pathological changes of kidney, lung and liver were observed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Cinnamaldehyde was effective and safe in treating immunosuppressed BALB/c mice with invasive pulmonary candidiasis. It would be a potentially novel drug for anti-candidiasis infection.

Analysis of bacterial community structure and diversity during mountain-agarwood formation / 中国中药杂志

As an important substitute for agarwood, mountain-agarwood, belonging to the family Oleaceae, comes from the root, stem and thick branch of Syringa pinnatifolia, which has a wide range of application in Inner Mongolia, China. It has good clinical efficacy in the use of cardiovascular diseases. However, the formation speed of mountain-agarwood is extremely slow, and its cultivated seedlings have low resin content. Therefore, how to speed up the formation of mountain-agarwood and increase the resin content is a hot research topic in this field. In this work, 16 S rDNA amplicon sequencing method was used to systematically analyze the bacterial communities of different samples of mountain-agarwood. Our data revealed that the samples of mountain-agarwood had more obvious species diversity than the ones of non-mountain-agarwood, especially the wild mountain-agarwood samples. By analysis of bacterial community composition and species abundance, Sphingomonas, Modestobacter and unidentified Cyanobacteria genus were three dominant bacterial genera in all samples. In addition, there are two identified genera of dominant bacteria, namely Actinoplanes and Microbacterium in both wild and cultivated mountain-agarwood, by bacterial community composition and species richness analysis. Meanwhile, Roseomonas was the dominant bacterial genus in both wild and cultivated non-mountain-agarwood samples. Our work could provides basic data for exploring the mechanism of the mountain-agarwood formation, and help to exploit resource of endophytic bacteria reasonably.

Microscopic histochemical comparison during mountain-agarwood formation / 中国中药杂志

Mountain-agarwood plays an important role in ethnic medicine in China for its pharmaceutical value. Modern pharmacological researches demonstrated that mountain-agarwood was effective for its anti-myocardial ischemia, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and analgesic effects. Mountain-agarwood derives from the peeled roots, stems or twigs of Syringa pinnatifolia which belongs to Syringa genus. It often depends on the purple substance and fragrance to estimate the formation of mountain-agarwood. However, the mechanism of mountain-agarwood formation has not been reported. To observe the microcosmic change in the process during the formation of mountain-agarwood, this study described the microscopic and histochemical characteristics of mountain-agarwood formation through histochemical staining. Our results showed that a significant difference of the distribution of tyloses existed during mountain-agarwood formation. It was observed that inchoate mountain-agarwood had more starch granules and viable cells than mountain-agarwood formed with high level or low level. The amount of polysaccharide and degree of lignification were increased during the mountain-agarwood formation. The results indicated that the mountain-agarwood, which meets the quality requirements for pharmaceutical use, contained the following characteristics: a large amount of purple tyloses in heartwood; yellow-brown tyloses distributing in heartwood and sapwood which were less in the latter; lignification with high level; a few viable cells; lots of polysaccharide and few starch granules in xylem rays cell. This study is aimed to reveal the change of histochemical characteristics during mountain-agarwood formation, and lay the foundation for exploring the mechanism of mountain-agarwood formation.

Comparison of objective optical quality between SMILE and V4c ICL implantation for correcting high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To compare the objective optical quality of high myopic patients between SMILE and V4c ICL implantation.<p>METHODS: This was a prospective control study. Thirty-eight patients underwent SMILE and thirty-two patients underwent V4c ICL implantation with high myopia were chosen for this study. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and refractive situation were evaluated preoperatively, at 1wk, 1mo, 3mo and 6mo postoperatively. The objective scattering index(OSI), strehl rate(SR)and modulation transfer function(MTF)cut off frequency were measured by the double-pass optical quality system at the same time.<p>RESULTS: No significant difference of spherical equivalent(SE), UCVA and BCVA was found between SMILE group and V4c ICL implantation group at all time points. At 1wk and 1mo after operation, the OSI values of two groups were significantly higher than pre-operation(<i>P</i><0.01). OSI values of two groups returned to baseline at 3mo after operation. The MTF cut off frequency of both groups decreased significantly at 1wk after operation(<i>P</i><0.05)and recovered to baseline at 1mo after operation, no significant difference was found between two group at all time points(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Both SMILE and V4c ICL implantation can obtain good visual acuity and objective optical quality.

A new lignan from stem bark of Syringa pinnatifolia / 中国中药杂志

One new lignan, named Z-pinnatifolin A, along with ten known analogues, were isolated from the stem bark of Syringa pinnatifolia by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were extensively determined on basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data analyses, and comparison with those in literature. Among them, compounds 3,4, and 8-11 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and 5-7 were isolated from the specie for the first time. Compound 1 showed a moderate inhibition on NO production in BV-2 cells. The present study provides a preliminary data for clarification of bioactive ingredients of S.pinnatifolia with anti-myocardial ischemic effect.

Iridoids from stem bark of Syringa pinnatifolia / 中国中药杂志

One new iridoid, named alashanidoid A, and five known analogues, were isolated from the stem bark of Syringa pinnatifolia by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were determined on the basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data analyses, and comparison with those in literature. Among them, compounds 3-5 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and 2 and 6 were isolated from the species for the first time.These isolates were tested for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities against NO production in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages in mice and cytotoxicity of HepG2 cell line, however, no obvious activity was observed at the concentration of 40 μmol•L⁻¹.

The mediating effect of personality between schizophrenia and prospective memory / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the differences between schizophrenic patients and normal at prospective memory,and investigate the effect of personality intermediary between schizophrenia and prospective memory.Methods A case-control study was utilized in this research.It used the color matching task to test prospective memory and MMPI-2 scale to test personality differences between the two groups.Results Schizophrenia prospective memory score(19.29±2.30),lower than the normal group(44.74±2.06),the difference was significant(P＜0.01).In mediating effect on the personality inspection,the subscales within MMPI-2 of Social Scale(Si) and Anxiety and tension Scale(ANX) regression coefficients were tested(P＜0.05),which showed significant effect.Further analysis with sobel statistics showed that only one factor tested was significant.The test coefficients of depression scale (D),mental weakness scale (Pt) and schizophrenia scale (Sc) were significantly different (P＜ 0.05),which showed that these subscales also had significant mediating effect.Conclusion The prospective memory performance is low in schizophrenia.The personality characteristics that depression,mental weakness,schizo phrenia,social anxiety and tension play an intermediary role in schizophrenia and prospective memory.

Phytochemical and pharmacological progress on peeled stem of Syringa pinnatifolia, a Mongolian folk medicine / 中国中药杂志

The peeled stem of Syringa pinnatifolia is a Mongolia folk medicine, mainly distributed in Helan mountain, inner Mongolia and Ningxia provinces of China. It has been used for the treatment of cardiopalmus, angina pectoris, and cardiopulmonary diseases for a long history. Contemporary research revealed the presence of major lignans, sesquitepenes, and essential oils, and showed myocardial ischemia related diseases. This review summarizes the plant origins, taxonomic disputes, phytochemical and pharmacological research progress, hopefully to provide reference for full medicinal utilization, clarification of biological effective substance, and drug development.

Drug effectiveness review project and its inspiration to China comprehensive evaluation of medicine / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To introduce Drug Effectiveness Review Project, discuss how to improve Chinese Comprehensive Evaluation of Medicine. METHODS: Analysis based on official information and research articles about the Drug Effectiveness Review Project. RESULTS: The paper introduces the organization, evaluation, impact and characteristic of Drug Effectiveness Review Project, presented the considerations to improve Chinese Comprehensive Evaluation of Medicine. CONCLUSION: Chinese Comprehensive Evaluation of Medicine should be improved in encouraging third-party evaluation agency, developing reasonable order for drug evaluation and ensuring the quality of evidence.

Comparisive analysis of outcomes of gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery and microsurgery in small- and medium-sized acoustic neuroma / 肿瘤

Objective: To compare the efficacy and outcomes of gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery and microsurgery in small- and medium-sized acoustic neuroma. Methods: The medical records of 87 patients with unilateral acoustic neuroma less than 3 cm were retrospectively collected. These 87 patients were divided into two groups: gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GSR) group (n = 42) and microsurgery (MS) group (n = 45). The local control rate of tumor, preservation rate of cranial nerve function, hospitalization cost in first admission, length of stay in hospital, and the complications were campared between the two groups. Results: The difference in local control rate of tumor was not significant (GRS group vs MS group: 88.1% vs 97.8%; P = 0.102). In respect of preservation of facial nerve function and hearing, GRS was more effective than MS (87.2% vs 66.7%, P = 0.029; 68.2% vs 30.0%, P = 0.013). The rate of complications in the MS group was much higher than that in the GRS group (22.2% vs 7.1%). As compared with the GRS group, the hospitalization cost in first admission of the MS group was higher and the length of stay in hospital was prolonged. Conclusion: GSR has much more advantages in treatment of small- and medium-sized acoustic neuroma as compared with MS. Copyright © 2014 by TUMOR.

In vitro antioxidant activity of Borojoa sorbilis Cuter / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To study n vitro antioxidant effects of Borojoa sorbilis Cuter. Method Concentrated solution of fresh fruits of B. sorbilis Cuter, as well as fractions which eluted through macroporous resin column, were taken as total sample, unabsorbed part, water part, 30% alcohol part and 60% alcohol part. Five samples were measured by three different in vitro tests: 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Ascorbic acid (Vc) was used as a positive control. The possible material basis of antioxidant activities was analyzed by LC-MS. Results Samples showed good DPPH radical scavenging effect, while ABTS radical scavenging effect and ferric reducing antioxidant power activity are not obvious. Ion peak clusters in the total ion chromatogram (TIC), the retention time at 4. 00-5. 00 min, may be nvolved n antioxidant activity. Conclusion B. sorbilis Cuter, has moderate antioxidant activity compared with Vc, and ts material basis may be related to the notable on peaks in TIC.

Analysis of position of one-piece soft intraocular lens after implantation of intraocular lens with Pentacam / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The aspheric intraocular lenses(IOLs)can reduce ocular spherical aberration to some degree.However,the clinical effect depends more on the IOL proper alignment.It becomes more important to study the IOL position in eye,Objective This study was to analyze the position alteration of IOL after phacoemulsification combined with implantation of one-piece soft IOLs.Methods In this prospective control study,80 eyes of 40 patients with age-related cataract were enrolled.The phacoemulsification with IOL implantation was performed in all the eyes.Decentration and tilt of IOL in the nasal superior,superior temporal,inferior temporal and nasal inferior quadrants(the intersection point of the system optical axis and the IOL maximum cross plane were regarded as the ordinate origin)were measured by rotating Scheimpflug camera(Pentacam Oculus)in 3 months postoperatively under the mydriasis condition.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to this trial.Results In the right eye group,the IOL decentered toward temporal in 26 eyes(65％)and infratemporal in 16 eyes(40％).IOLs tilted temporally in the horizontal plane in 37 eyes(92.5％)and tilted inferiorly in the vertical plane in 34 eyes(85.0％).In the left eye group,IOLs decentered temporally 33 eyes(82.5％)and 20 IOLs (50％)infratemporally,IOLs tilted temporally in the horizontal plane in 37 eye(92.5％)and 36 IOLs(90％)tilted inferiorly in the vertical plane.There was no statistical difference for the intercomparsion of horizontal/vertical decentration in various quadrant in the right eye(F =0.221,0.792,P＞0.05).The obvious elevated horizontal decentration was found in the supertemporal and infratemporal quadrants compared with supernasal quadrant in the left eyes but there was no significant difference in the vertical decentration among 3 quadrants(F=0.576,P＞0.05).Decentrations were positively correlated with the tilt in both horizontal and vertical plane(right eye horizontal plane:r=0.374,P=0.002;right eye vertical plane:r=0.402,P=0.001 ;left eye horizontal plane:r=0.377,P=0.002；left eye vertical plane:r=0.347,P=0.002).Conclusions The one-piece soft IOLs(Adapt AO)decenter toward temporal mostly in 3 months after surgery,especially infratemporally in the eye.And the optical axis of the IOL tilt toward infratemperol mostly in both right and left eyes.The decentration and tilt are consisted in the corresponding direction between the right and left eyes.The position of the IOLs showed mirror symmetry between right and left eyes.The IOLs decentration show the positively correlation to tilt whatever in horizontal and vertical plane.

HLA-DR expression on regulatory T cells is closely associated with the global immune activation in HIV-1 infected subjects naïve to antiretroviral therapy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased over the HIV infection but its counts actually decreased. We proposed that the decrease of Treg counts may cause the reduction of inhibitory effect and thereby account for the over-activation of Tregs during HIV infection. However, it remains unknown whether Tregs are also over-activated and thereafter the activation induced death may lead to the decrease of Tregs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tregs were defined as CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo/-) T cells. Eighty-one HIV-1 infected patients were enrolled in our study, and twenty-two HIV-1 seronegative donors were recruited as the control. The levels of HLA-DR on Tregs were determined by FACSAria flow cytometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to HIV-1 seronegative donors, the levels of HLA-DR on CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo/-) Tregs were significantly increased in HIV-1 infected patients, and its increase was positively associated with viral loads (r = 0.3163, P = 0.004) and negatively with CD4 T-cell counts (r = -0.4153, P < 0.0001). In addition, significant associations between HLA-DR expression on CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo/-) Tregs and the percentages of HLA-DR, CD38, Ki67 expressing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were also identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HLA-DR on Tregs is a good marker for viral replication and disease progression. The over-activation of Tregs might result in the decrease of Tregs.</p>

Chemical constituents from leaves of Morus multicaulis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Morus multicaulis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated by ion exchange resin, silica gel and Sephadex LH -20 column chromatographies. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twelve compounds were isolated from the leaves of this plant. Their structures were identified as 1-deoxynojirimycin (1), fagomine (2), 2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (3), quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (4), kaempferol (5), quercetin (6), scopoletin (7), D-aspartic acid (8), L-proline (9), D-alpha-alanine (10), myo-inositol (11) and dausterol (12).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

FAK gene silencing induces apoptosis of leukemic cells in vitro / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:Targeting of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) gene,we aim to construct FAK shRNA lentiviral vector and to identify its function on the growth of leukemic cells.METHODS:FAK shRNA was chemically synthesized,and inserted into a GFP-lentiviral plasmid through molecular biology methods.After packaged and concentrated,the lentiviral-FAK-shRNA-vector was transduced into a human leukemic cell line.FAK gene expression was detected by reverse transcriptional PCR and Western blotting.Cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V labeling.RESULTS:The results showed that FAK shRNA was successfully inserted into the lentival vector,and the infection efficiency varied from 10% to 25%.Compared to the control vector (lentival vector without FAK shRNA),FAK shRNA inhibited the expression of FAK mRNA and protein by 40% and 70%,respectively.Moreover,the results of apoptosis experiment showed that the percentages of Annexin V+ cells in control vector group and FAK shRNA group were (4.19 ? 0.36) % and (8.48 ? 0.58) % respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P